Perception of the Males towards Family Planning in Rural Areas
(A Case study of union council Shah Bilawal, District Nankana Sahib)
by
Hasnain Raza, Faisalabad

1.0 INTRODUCTION: -
The most important problem of human beings today is not infectious diseases but population. The world population now is higher than at any tome its history. The main problem is the rate of population increases. Statistics show that population of the world was about 1 billion in1850.Eighty year later; in 1930 the population had doubled (2 billion). Only 46 year after that, in 1976, it had doubled again (Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 1995). Today, it is 6.7684 billion population of the world. (United State Census Bureau, 2 July 2009).
Pakistan is one of the few countries of the world whose government has adopted and actively Implementing a national program of family planning. Having completed a challenging year and a half as the first family planning consultant to the government of Pakistan. I believe it important that American public health worker know something of the population problems there and what is being done about them. Family planning program adopted in the second five year plan (1960-1965) is simple and not unlike that of neighboring India which related a simple stage about three year earlier. The program is proposed for 20 year, after which sufficient awareness, motivation, and resources are anticipated to insure continuing family planning without increase government support. The program has four principal elements.
o Family planning services and materials provided as an added regular function of existing health services to 1,200,000 families. (About 10 per cent of families of productive age) by July, 1965, with efforts concentrated initially in urban areas and with foam tablets method.
o Family planning training of at least 1,200 technical persons (doctors, nurses, health visitors) each year by four special provincial training institutes, plus basic information to outlying personnel and village workers by two touring training teams, plus to enable selected Pakistanis to return to key family planning posts in Pakistan.
o Family planning publicity and education carried out as an intensive drive by the Central and Provincial Governments.
o Family planning action reaches demonstration projects assisted by American and Swedish aid.
To accomplish these goals, a development budget of 30.5 million rupees (one rupee is 21 cents) of 1960-1965 was adopted. Foreign aid amounting to 9 million rupees for 1961-1964 was obtained from the ford fountation and Sweden and the essential administrative units created in the central and provincial government. (Leslie Corsa, 1963).

2.0 OBJECTIVES: -
• To find out the socio economic characteristics of the respondents.
• To assess the knowledge of the respondents towards family planning.
• To determine the level of awareness among males about various family planning methods.
• To explore the negative attitude of males towards family planning and contraceptive use.
• To suggest measure, to use the contraceptives and various family planning methods.

3.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE: -
Khopkar (1992) The extent to which urban women of lower socioeconomic status in India are aware of the breadth of current population growth and its consequences, and of the means available to control their fertility, is explored using data collected in the city of Pune in 1991, concerning 219 women. The results suggest that about three-quarters were aware of the consequences, and about half knew how to practice family planning.
Michele (1994) Found evidence that adolescent males who had multiple partners during the previous six month are more likely to have ever used condoms then those who have been celibate are monogamous is both reassuring and perplexing. It is reassuring if the explanation is that the young men most at risk for being exposed to and for decides to use condoms. He suggested that a prospective study would shed more light on this issue. Spreading sexually transmitted diseases are more likely to take precautions. I t is a matter of concern if the explanation for this finding is that for some young men it may take exposures to multiple partners before they decide to use condoms. He suggested that a prospective study would shed more light on this issue.
Kate (2004) Found that three quarters of the married men were using contraception, but the majority stated that their wives were responsible for it. The common reproductive health complaint was urinary problems, 28% had burning on urination and 22% reported frequent and /or difficult urination. There were few social are demographic differences between men with and without problems. Seventeen percent of the men had clinically diagnosed reproductive health problems, the most common being urethral discharge. None of the men which diagnosed problems were using condoms.

4.0 METHODOLOGY: -
The scientific methodology is a system of explicit rules and procedures upon which research is based against which the claims of knowledge are evaluated. (Nachmias, 1992).

The Universe:
There are three Tehsils in districts Nankana sahib .Universe for the present study consists of union council Shah Bilawal. This union council consists of fifteen villages and its population is 16245 persons. There are more illiterate males in union council Shah Bilawal.

The Sample Size:
There are fifteen villages in union council Shah Bilawal and three villages will be selected in union council Shah Bilawal by simple random sampling technique. Afterwards 120 respondents (married males) for the study will be selected randomly. An equal representation will be given to each village by selecting 40 respondents from each.

Data Collection Tools:
An interview schedule will be developed in the light of objectives of the study. An interview will consist of a set of questions, which will be asked from the respondents in a face to face interaction.

Data Analysis:
The collected data will be analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Both descriptive and inferential analysis will be connected.

Interpretation of Data:
The collected data will be interpreted by using graphs (Linear Groups, Pie Groups).


BIBLIOGRAPHY: -

Dr. Corsa, 1963, Mental and Child Health and Mental Health Sections of the American Public Health Association, Kansas.
Khopkar, 1992, Awareness of the dimensions of the population explosion and awareness of means of family planning among lower socio-economic class women in Pune, India.
Michele. D. W, 1994, Attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding condom use in urban black adolescent males.
Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 1995, Population and Family Planning in Iran, Tehran.
Kate, M. D, 2004, Male Reproductive Health: A village based study of camp attenders in rural India,